魅力城市～銀川

十一月 06, 2008, 10:07

賀蘭山岩畫

在中國西北，幾乎所有山脈都是西北、東南走向，唯有賀蘭山特別，它是東北、西南走向，因為它橫亙在東西交通的必經之地，長達200多公里，寬度有30多公里，海拔高達2000公尺以上，所以橫貫賀蘭山的山谷就成為東西交通的重要路徑。

賀蘭山麓從古代就是羌戎、月氏、匈奴、鮮卑、鐵勒、突厥、黨項、……等北方少數民族游牧狩獵、繁衍生息的地方，很早就有人類活動的痕跡，「賀蘭山岩畫」正是其中的一項。

賀蘭山岩畫分佈地區非常廣，幾乎整個山區，尤其是從北到南的十多個山口，都有岩畫的蹤跡；而且種類繁多，作畫的方式與岩畫的風格各有不同。所以關於賀蘭山岩畫的年代，學者們還沒有形成定論。有些學者認為少量岩畫屬於舊石器時代晚期，但大部分屬於新石器時代，另有少量屬於青銅時代、鐵器時代，也有若干作品出自秦漢之後，甚至是更晚到宋、元、西夏時期。也有學者認為最早不會早於新時期時代晚期，或是不會早於商周時期。

賀蘭山岩畫以北邊的賀蘭口岩畫最具代表性，賀蘭口位於銀川西北50多公里，賀蘭山中段的賀蘭縣金山鄉境內，海拔1448米。大約有一千多幅岩畫分佈在山口兩側大約600多公尺的山岩石壁上。畫面粗獷渾厚，構圖樸實，姿態自然寫實。以人首像為主的占總數一半以上。其次是馬、牛、鹿、鳥、狼……等動物圖形。

賀蘭口的人首像畫面簡單奇特，有的長著犄角，有的插著羽毛，有的戴尖形或圓頂帽。表現女性有的戴頭飾，有的挽髮髻，呈現了幾千年前古代婦女的裝束。此外也有一些造型奇異類似先民巫術圖騰的畫像。動物圖形則是粗獷、生動；有奔跑的鹿，雙角突出的岩羊，奔馳的駿馬，搖尾巴的狗，有飛鳥的圖形和猛獸的形象。此外還有部分人的手和太陽的畫面，以及原始宗教活動的場面。

根據岩畫圖形和西夏刻記看來，賀蘭口岩畫大部分是春秋戰國時期，北方遊牧民族的作品，也有其他朝代和西夏時期的畫像。在岩壁上刻畫的方式有鑿刻和磨制兩種：鑿刻痕跡清晰但是紋路較淺；磨制是先鑿後磨，線條較粗較深，凹槽光滑。

賀蘭口岩畫的題材、內容與繪畫手法十分廣泛，想像力豐富，真實、素樸而純真。為後世瞭解、研究古代遊牧民族的歷史、文化、經濟、風土人情提供極為珍貴的第一手資料，是珍貴的民族藝術畫廊。

Info
從銀川市內可以乘坐「旅遊專線」（新月廣場到賀蘭山岩畫）。發車時間：上午8時，中午1時；賀蘭山岩畫返回市內的時間是下午2時，6時。票價15元。
門票：40元

（編輯&攝影：高文麒）

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Posted by yinchuan | 靜態連結網址 | 迴響 (13) | 引用 (0) | 分區景點導覽～銀川西線

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十一月 06, 2008, 10:07

賀蘭山岩畫

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